Addressing poverty and social inclusion in Asia is more urgent than ever. The COVID-19 pandemic marked a major reversal in decades of progress on poverty reduction, pushing millions of households into poverty and deepening vulnerabilities among those already at risk. While poverty rates have since declined across much of the region, progress remains uneven. Households continue to face overlapping shocks—from rising living costs and economic uncertainty to climate change and conflict—that contribute to persistent insecurity and vulnerability. These pressures interact with entrenched, and in some contexts widening, inequalities, with disadvantages compounding for particular groups.