There will always be an element of uncertainty to adaptation planning and decision making. The intrinsic variability in the climate and in the human, social, economic, and environmental systems impose this to a certain degree, as does the fact that the knowledge may be imperfect.

Guiding Questions:
How does scientific knowledge feed and inform planning? How to plan with imperfect information or issues of uncertainty?
Is the currently available knowledge (through all the resolutions and assessments) the right kind of knowledge that is needed on the ground?
How can national data be extrapolated to guide the work in communities and cities, where adaptation interventions need to happen?